The main purpose of the study of Demography and Settlement System of Sarajevo Canton is to assess the demographic situation in the territory of Sarajevo Canton, considering the consequences of the war that caused a significant weakening of the demographic composition and distribution of the population. Taking into account the fact that the issue of settlement and population development in Sarajevo Canton largely depends on the situation in neighboring areas, of course this issue was not neglected in the study of demographic issues in Sarajevo Canton. The fact is that population is not a "planning category" in the classical sense, because we can only influence population development indirectly, by creating favorable social, economic and spatial conditions in an area. This statement opens up a broader issue of coordination between different planning elements. A detailed analysis of these elements was of course not the purpose of this project, but rather an attempt to formulate measures for achieving the set development goals expressed in the number of population that were set in this project. Of course, when checking the results of this project and comparing them with the necessary measures for implementation in practice, some corrections of the parameters used were made, with special regard to migration. At the end, a special warning was given about the need for the use of demographic analyzes in practice, where it often happens that some negative trends are used as a planning goal.